1、通用学术英语重点词汇表Abstract释义n.摘要adj.抽象的，纯概念的v.抽象化，从理论上（或孤立地）考虑；提取，使分例句The research shows that preschool children are capable of thinking in abstract terms.Then computers make sure the location important information and abstract it.再对票据图象中的重要信息区域进行定位、提取。abstract data type 抽象数据类形Arguably释义可论证地，可争辩地，可以说例句Venu
2、s was arguably a cozier habitat for life than earth.Ingredient释义n.（食品的）成分，原料；要素，因素 adj.构成组成局部的例句The conflict is still being fought out.仍在通过战斗解决这次冲突。These results conflict with earlier findings.这些结果与早期的发现相矛盾Personal ethics and professional ethics sometimes conflict. 个人道德与职业道德之间有时会相冲突。reduction释义n.减小，
3、降低例句This represents a reduction of 5% in real terms. 这相当于实际减少了 5%。The company has made heroic efforts at cost reduction. 该公司在降低本钱方面进行了艰苦卓绝的努力。Plagiarise释义V.剽窃，抄袭例句With the advent of electronic age, intellectual honesty has been given high priority to because now it is easy for people to plagiarise o
4、thers* works from the Internet.随着电子时代的到来，人们可以轻易从网上剽窃他人的作品，因此学术老实备受重视。estimated释义adj.估计的;预计的;估算的例句We cannot measure pain directly. It can only be estimated.我们无法直接测量疼痛的程度，只能估计。far-reaching释义adj.影响深远的，涉及广泛的例句The economy is in danger of collapse unless far-reaching reforms are implemented. 除非实施影响深远的改革，否
5、那么经济就有崩溃的危险。data-based释义以数据为基础，基于数据（的）例句That means abandoning phone calls altogether and moving towards data-based communications.这意味着完全抛弃 ，转而使用基于数据的通信工具。Identify释义V.认出；查明，确认；发现；证明（身份）；认同例句The new technique has been used to identify the sex of fetuses.这项新技术已被用来鉴定胎儿的性别。Children can be seen to copy th
6、e behaviour of others whom they admire or identify with.可以看到儿童效仿那些他们崇拜或认同的人。Review释义n.审查，检查；复习；综述V.仔细研究，审视；给（书、戏剧、电影等）写评论；回顾，反思；V美（为考试而）复 习，温习；例句Review all the notes you need to cover for each course. 复习所有你需要涵盖的每门课的笔记。The government will review the situation later in the year. 政府将在今年晚些时候重新检讨形势。empha
7、size释义V.强调，着重例句Economists emphasize measurable quantities - the number of jobs, the per capita income.经济学家们强调可以测算的量-职位数量，人均收入。analyze (analyse)释义vt .对进行分析，分解例句They analyze the echoes, how the waves bounce back.他们分析回声，以及波是如何反弹回来的。utilize释义V.利用，使用例句Sound engineers utilize a range of techniques to enha
8、nce the quality of the recordings. 音响工程师利用一系列的技术来提高录音质量。The Romans were the first to utilize concrete as a building material. 罗马人首先使用混凝土作建筑材料。elaborate释义adj.复杂的,详尽的v.详细说明，详尽阐述例句She went on to elaborate her argument.她进而详尽阐述了她的论点。All this has been demonstrated in elaborate experiments.所有这些都在精心设计的实验中得到
9、了证明。/confirm/i释义V.确定，确认；证实例句Recent medical studies confirm the efficacy of a healthier lifestyle.近来的医学研究证实了更健康的生活方式的功效。perspective释义n.（观察问题的）视角，观点例句Such a perspective fundamentally changes our view of biological evolution. 这种观点从根本上改变了我们对生物进化的看法。arise释义v.产生，出现；起源（于），由引出例句only a finite number of situatio
10、ns can arise.只有有限的几种情况可能会出现。Future research should look at the behavior and ecology of these worms, to understand what caused the new species to arise.未来的研究应该看看这些蠕虫的行为与生态学，以了解新物种的出现是由什么造成的。enormously释义adv.非常，极其；(数量)巨大地例句Standards in health care have improved enormously compared to 40 years ago.与40年前
11、相比，卫生保健的水平得到了极大提高。severely释义adv.严重地；严格地，严厉地例句Nearly a third of the children were severely underweight.约有三分之一的孩子曾严重体重过轻。survey(n.)释义n.考察，调查；测量例句The survey has a margin of error of 2.5%.测量的误差幅度为2.5%。The results of the survey fell into two distinct groups.调查结果分为截然不同的两组。stimulate释义v.促进，激发（某事物）；使（身体，生物系统
12、）兴奋，刺激；起刺激作用例句These businesses stimulate the creation of local jobs.这些企业刺激了当地就业机会的产生。The presentation of the food is designed to stimulate your appetite.食物的呈现是为了刺激你的食欲。Accumulation释义n.积累，堆积；堆积物，堆积量例句The funds needed will mainly be drawn from accumulation within the enterprise. 所需资金主要取给于企业内部的积累。Phosp
13、horus-deficient plants are often stunted, with leaves turning a characteristic dark green, often with the accumulation of anthocyanin.缺磷植物常发育不良，叶片呈典型的深绿色，常伴有花青素的积累ethical释义adj.伦理的;道德的;凭处方出售的n.处方药例句The president has a blind spot on ethical issues.这位总统似乎看不到伦理问题的重要性。note（v.）释义v.留意，注意；指出，说明；记录，记下例句The r
14、eport notes that export and import volumes picked up in leading economies.该报道提到主要经济大国的进出口额增加了sustainable释义adj.（计划、方法、体制）可持续的，持续性的；（自然资源）可持续的，不破坏环境的； 站得住脚的例句The creation of an efficient and sustainable transport system is critical.一个高效而可持续开展的交通系统的创立是非常重要的。Emission释义n.排放物，散发物；（尤指光、热、气等的）散发，排放例句The emi
15、ssion of gases such as carbon dioxide should be stabilized at their present level. 二氧化碳之类气体的排放应该被控制在目前的水平上。assumption释义n.假定，假设；取得，承当例句The whole argument rests on a false assumption.整个论证都是基于一个错误的假设。graphic释义n.图表，图形例句In a graphic, only a few words are used to explain what the picture shows you.在图表中，只有
16、几个词用来解释图片所显示的内容。category释义n.种类，范畴例句These questions may be included in the same category.这些问题可以归入一类。Music shops should arrange their recordings in simple alphabetical order, rather than by category.音像店应按照简单的字母顺序摆放其唱片，而不是按类别。outline释义n.轮廓，外形；提纲，大纲；梗概，要点； v.概述，略述；勾勒，描画的轮廓例句You should draw up a plan or
17、outline for the essay. 你应该为文章草拟个计划或提纲。Draw an outline before you fill in the details.先画个轮廓，再画细部。investigate释义V.侦察（某事）；调查（某人）；研究例句What is the active ingredient in aspirin?Speed is the essential ingredient of all athletics.A tax was introduced on malt, the basic ingredient of beer. 麦芽是啤酒的基本成分。Commerci
18、al释义adj.商业的，商务的；商业化的例句The land was not zoned for commercial purposes.这块地未被划为商业用地。The pension funds are administered by commercial banks.养老基金由商业银行经管。Conduct释义v.实施，进行，传导n.行为，举止；经营方式，管理方法例句I decided to conduct an experiment. 我决定做一项实验。The way he conducts himself reflects on the family.他的行为方式折射出他的家庭。Wate
19、r conducts heat faster than air.水比空气导热快。例句The police decided to investigate further. 警方决定作进一步调查。Journalists were given the freedom to visit, investigate, and report without constraint.新闻记者被赋予在没有约束下参观、调查和报道的自由。determine释义V.决定，控制；查明，确定；下定决心例句Genes determine the characteristics of every living thing. 基
20、因决定每个生物的特征。The size of the chicken pieces will determine the cooking time. 鸡块的大小决定烹饪时间。indicate释义V.说明，标示/象征，暗示例句Early results indicate that the government will be returned to power.早期的结果预示这个政府将重新执政。reveal释义V,揭不，透露；说明，展不，显不例句She has refused to reveal the whereabouts of her daughter.她已拒绝透露她女儿的行踪。We re
21、veal only as much information as we can safely risk at a given time.我们只透露那些在特定时期我们可以稳妥地承当风险的信息。generate释义V.产生，引起例句The research methods of social science generate two kinds of data.社会科学的研究方法生成两类数据。The paradox of exercise is that while using a lot of energy it seems to generate more.锻炼的矛盾之处在于消耗很多能量却似乎
22、又产生更多能量。decline释义V.下降，衰退 n.减少，衰退例句Inflation is rampant and industry in decline.通货膨胀肆虐，工业生产下降。After years of neglect and decline, the city was cleaning itself up.在多年的荒废和衰退之后，该城市在进行自我整治。immensely释义adv.极其，非常例句I enjoyed this film immensely.我非常喜欢这部电影。The light source must therefore be immensely brighter
23、if it is to be used as a headlight to illuminate the path, than if it is to be used as a signal to others.与用作被人识别的信号相比，如果用作照亮路途的头灯的话，光源必须要明亮很多。domain释义n.领域，范围；领土，势力范围；（因特网上的）域例句An Internet society spokeswoman domain users will not experience any disruptions during the transition.一位互联网协会的女发言
24、人说，在这次过渡中，域名为的用户不会受到任何影响。Reading gives you the possibility to speak about science, even if you don*t work in this domain.阅读让你有机会谈论你哪怕没有接触过的领域，比方科学方面的内容。summary释义n.总结，概要adj.总结性的,概括的例句The following is a summary of events.现将重大事件综述如下。This option lets you search your current directory for files by date,
25、contents, and document summary.这一选项让你按日期、内容和文件摘要在当前目录中查找文件。facilitate释义V.使更容易，使便利；促进，推动例句The new airport will facilitate the development of tourism. 新机场将促进旅游业的开展。accurate释义adj .准确的，精确的例句Accurate records must be kept.必须保存准确的记录。The figure is accurate to two decimal places.这个数精确到小数点后两位。routine释义n.常规，惯例
26、；（计算机）例行程序adj.常规的，例行的例句She felt fenced in by domestic routine. 她感到被日常家务束缚住了。A routine DNA sample was taken. 采集了一份常规的脱氧核糖核酸样本。context释义n.背景，环境；上下文，语境例句I would qualify that by putting it into context.我会把它放入上下文中加以解释。prioritize释义.按优先顺序列出，确定（任务）优先顺序；优先处理，优先考例句The organization was formed to prioritize the
27、 needs of older people. 这个机构是为优先满足老年人的需要而成立的。subject(n.)释义n.主题，话题；学科，科目；课题例句Im doing some research on the subject.我正就这一课题进行研究。English is my best subject.英语是我学得最好的一门科目predict释义.预言，预计，预测例句The test can accurately predict what a bigger explosion would do.这项测试能精确地预测一场更大的爆炸可能产生的后果。Contend释义.声称，主张；竞争，争夺；处理
28、，对付例句The competitors had to contend with squally weather conditions. 这些参赛者不得不应付狂风肆虐的天气条件。This is the development in education that we have to contend with. 这是我们在教育中所必须应对的开展。institution释义n.机构，团体；制度，习俗；建立，制定例句Since it*s a government operated institution, things dont move very fast. 由于它是政府运营的机构，所以事情进展的
29、速度不会太快。I believe in the institution of marriage.我相信婚姻制度。insufficient释义adj,不充分的，不够重要的例句Facilities for people with disabilities are still insufficient.供残疾人使用的设施仍然缺乏。implication释义n.可能的影响（或作用、结果）；含意例句The implication was plain, if left unstated.即使不说出来，隐含义也很明显。The worst of all is the implication that at s
30、ome point there existed something halfway between a chimp and a human.最糟糕的是，这暗示着在某一时刻，在黑猩猩和人类之间存在着某种东西combine释义V.（使）结合，组合 n.联盟，联合体例句The cable car and toboggan nicely combine natural beauty and man-made scenery. 缆车和雪橇将自然美景和人工景色完美地结合起来。The molecules combine, forming what is called a Schiff base within
31、 the protein.这些分子结合在一起，在蛋白质中形成所谓的希夫碱。address(v.)释义V.演说，演讲；处理，设法解决例句He had scheduled an address to the American people for the evening of May 27. 他已经安排在5月27日晚向美国人民作一个演讲。variety释义n,多样化，变化；种类，品种例句We all need variety in our diet.我们都需要饮食多样化。This tool can be used in a variety of ways. 这一工具有多种用途。Modificati
32、on释义n.修改的行为（过程）,修改，更改；修饰例句”lm trying three methods of breeding, Farrant says, conventional, genetic modification and gene editing.H法兰特说：“我正在尝试三种育种方法，常规方法、基因修饰和基因编辑。”One strategy is called market modification.有一种策略叫做市场调整。emerge释义v.浮现，出现例句Further evidence of slowing economic growth is likely to emerge
33、 this week. 更多有关在减慢的经济增长的证据本周可能出现。issue(n.)释义n.议题，争论点；问题例句YouYe just avoiding the issue.你只不过是在回避问题。Abortion is a very emotional issue.堕胎是个令人情绪十分激动的问题。systemic释义adj.系统的，体系的；全身的，影响全身的例句The economy is locked in a systemic crisis.经济陷入全面的危机。The problems are fundamental and systemic. 问题是根本性的、系统性的。present(
34、v)释义V.颁发，赠送；出示(护照等供检查)；描述，展现；(机会，观点)出现，呈现例句This presents a problem for many financial consumers. 这给许多金融消费者带来了麻烦。Highlight释义V.突出，强调n.最好（或最精彩、最激动人心）的局部例句Highlight the chosen area by clicking and holding down the left mouse button.通过点击鼠标左键并掘住以突出显示所选区域。Highlight how you saved previous companies time or
35、money, or new ideas you had that the company implemented.强调你如何节省了以前公司的时间或金钱，或你关于公司实施的新想法。The highlight of the popes visit will be his message to the people.教皇访问的亮点是，他将给人们传达训诫。evaluation释义n.评价，评估例句evaluation research is called upon to demonstrate successes or failures of social programs.评估研究被用于论证社会工程
36、的成败。The results of the evaluation were promising, suggesting that the potential benefits of early intervention can be substantial.评估的结果乐观，说明早期干预的潜在好处是巨大的。Subsequently释义adv.后来，随后We spend the time collating and presenting the information in a variety of chart forms. 我们把时间花在以各种图表形式比照和展示信息上。The governme
37、nt has presented these changes as major reforms.政府将这些变化描述成重大改革。Examine释义V.检查，调查例句We examine the wording in detail before deciding on the final text. 我们详细检查了措辞，才确定了最终文本。Substance释义n.物质，材料；实质；主旨，主要内容例句Petrol is a volatile substance.汽油是挥发性物质。Nothing of any substance was achieved in the meeting.会议没有取得任何
38、实质性成果。instrument释义n.器械；乐器,仪器；促成某事的人（或事物），手段例句The instrument is beautifully made in brass.这个乐器是用黄铜精致铸造成的。An instrument called a trocar makes a puncture in the abdominal wall.一种叫作套管针的器械会在腹壁上扎一个小孔。There is always an internal circuit breaker to protect the instrument from overload. 总有一个断电器以防止仪器超负荷运转。app
39、ly释义V.申请；涂，敷；施加，实施；应用例句The convention does not apply to us. 该协定对我们不适用。They may apply to join the organization. 他们可能申请加入该组织。illustrate释义v.说明，说明；证明例句Let me illustrate what I mean with an old story.让我用一个老故事来说明我指的是什么吧。The following account will clearly illustrate this point. 以下的陈述将清楚地说明这一看法。exhibit释义v.表
40、现出；卖弄，炫耀n.展品；（法庭上出示的）证物例句He had kindly offered to loan us all the plants required for the exhibit. 他友好地主动提出了借给我们展览会所需的全部植物。maintain释义.保持，维持；维修例句lt*s hard to maintain competitive pricing.很难保持有竞争力的定价。The house costs a fortune to maintain.维修这房子花费巨大。demonstrate释义v.证明；示范，演示例句We must demonstrate that aggr
41、ession will not pay. 我们必须证明侵犯是没有好处的。implement释义.执行，贯彻，实施；为提供工具 n.工具，器具例句Leadership is about the ability to implement change. 领导才能是一种实行变革的能力。The government promised to implement a new system to control financial loan institutions.政府许诺要实施新的制度来控制金融贷款机构。be attributed to释义归因于例句Extrapolating from his late
42、st findings, he reckons about 80% of these deaths might be attributed to smoking.从他最近的发现推断，他估计大约80%的这类死亡可能归因于吸烟yield释义.产生（收益、效益等），产生（结果）；屈服，让步；放弃 n.产量；收益，利润例句Higher-rate deposit accounts yield good returns.高利率的存款会产生丰厚的收益。He may yield control.他可能放弃控制权originate释义v.起源，产生；创始，开创例句All carbohydrates origin
43、ate from plants.所有的碳水化合物均来源于植物。diminish释义V.减弱，降低，减少例句Federalism is intended to diminish the power of the central state. 联邦制度旨在削弱中央政府的权力。fluctuate释义v.波动，起伏不定；使波动，使动摇例句Body temperature can fluctuate if you are ill. 如果你病了，体温会波动。tremendously释义adv.非常地;可怕地；惊人地例句I thought they played tremendously well, did
44、n*t you? 我认为他们表演得非常好，你不觉得吗？University funding was tremendously biased toward scientists. 大学资助金是极度偏重于科学家的。significantly释义adv.显著地，相当数量地；意味深长地例句She paused significantly before she answered. 她在回答之前意味深长地停顿了 一下。Profits have increased significantly over the past few years. 几年来，利润大幅度提高了。sphere释义n.（活动、兴趣、专业知
45、识的）范围，领域vt,使成球形包围；放入球内例句Remember that we need to multiply it by the volume here, the volume of some sphere weve defined.记住我们需要把它乘以体积，乘以某一个我们已定义的球体的体积。the sphere of international politics.国际政治领域nutrition释义n.营养，滋养；营养学；食物，营养物例句There are alternative sources of nutrition to animal meat. 有能替代动物肉类的其他营养来源。r
46、ange(n.)释义n.(变动或浮动的)范围，界限；一系列；成套产品，系列商品例句The average age range is between 35 and 55.平均年龄范围是35至55岁。The school is extending the range of subjects taught. 学校正在拓宽授课学科的范围。The article covered a wide range of topics.这篇文章讨论了一系列广泛的论题。period释义n,一段时间，时期；（人生或国家历史的）阶段，时代例句a period of economic good health and exp
47、ansion.一段经济健康开展和扩张时期。No reference to their existence appears in any literature of the period.该时期的任何文献中都没有提及他们的存在。legislation释义n.法规，法律；立法例句This benefit is free of tax under current legislation.按照现行法律此项收益是免税的。Legislation requires approval by both houses of parliament.立法须得到议会两院的一致通过释义例句例句Many other maj
48、or problems subsequently emerged.随后出现了许多其他重大问题。Approximately释义adv.大约，大概例句Kona and Hilo have approximately the same rainfall in a given year. 科纳和希洛在同一年而降雨量大致相同。The yolk contains all the fat and approximately half of the protein of the egg. 蛋黄含有鸡蛋中全部的脂肪和大约一半的蛋白质。Ensure释义V.确保，保证；保护例句We must ensure that
49、 all patients have access to high quality care. 我们必须确保所有的病人都能够得到高质量的护理。Approach释义V.靠近，临近 n.方法例句He didnt approach the front door at once.他没有立即走近前门。We will be exploring different approaches to gathering information. 我们将探索收集信息的不同方法。Compose释义v.组成，构成例句Ten men compose the committee.委员会由十人组成。Protein molecu
50、les compose all the complex working parts of living cells.蛋白质分子构成了活细胞所有复杂的工作部件。We can say that the properties of an ecosystem are more stable than the individual organisms that compose the ecosystem.可以说，生态系统的特性要比组成生态系统的单个生物体性质更加稳定。limitation释义n.限制，制约；缺陷，局限例句All the talk had been about the limitation