在翻译考试中，经常会有各种极具中国特色的词汇。今天我们就来熟悉一些常见的特色表达，希望对正在学翻译的你有所帮助~
1.国家治理体系和治理能力现代化
Modernizing China’s governance system and capacity for governance
国家治理体系和治理能力是一个国家制度和制度执行能力的集中体现。国家治理体系是在中国共产党领导下管理国家的制度体系，包括经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明和党的建设等各领域体制机制、法律法规安排，也就是一整套紧密相连、相互协调的国家制度。
A country’s governance system and governance capacity are very much reflective of that country’s institutions and its ability to implement them. China’s governance system is an institutional system under the leadership of the CPC by which the country is governed. It is comprised of institutions, mechanisms,laws and regulations regarding economics, politics, culture, society, ecological progress, and Party building. It means a complete set of closely connected and coordinated state institutions.
2.中国特色社会主义的总布局
The overall approach of socialism with Chinese characteristics
中国特色社会主义总布局是经济建设、政治建设、文化建设、社会建设、生态文明建设“五位一体”。The overall approach of socialism with Chinese characteristics is to promote economic, political, cultural, social and ecological progress.
3.正确的义利观
A more balanced approach to upholding principles and pursuing interests
中国主张，在国际关系中，要妥善处理义和利的关系。政治上，要遵守国际法和国际关系基本原则，秉持公道正义，坚持平等相待。经济上，要立足全局、放眼长远，坚持互利共赢、共同发展，既要让自己过得好，也要让别人过得好。
China advocates properly handling the relations of principles and interests in international relations. In politics, all countries should abide by international law and the basic principles governing international relations, uphold equity and justice, and treat each other with equality. In economics, they should size up the overall situation, take a long-term perspective and pursue mutual benefit and common development. That is, they should pursue a good life for themselves, and wish others a good life as well.
4.中国力量
The Chinese strength
中国力量就是中国各族人民大团结的力量，是包括作为主力军的工人阶级和一切非公有制经济人士和其他新的社会阶层人士的力量，包括中国共产党同民主党派和无党派人士团结合作的力量，包括平等团结互助和谐的各民族大团结的力量，包括大陆、港澳台以及海外同胞等一切可以调动起来的积极因素、一切可团结起来的力量。中国力量，是13亿中国人、八千多万党员汇聚起来推动实现中国梦的智慧和力量。
The Chinese strength feeds on the unity of the people of China’s ethnic groups. It includes:
The strength of the working class, China’s dominant force; people from the non-public sector of the economy; and members of emerging strata of society;
The strength of the CPC uniting with other political parties in China and people without party affiliation;
The strength of the alliance of various ethnic groups based on equality, unity, mutual help and harmony;
The strength of all positive elements on China’s mainland, in Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and among overseas Chinese, as well as all other forces that can be united with.
The Chinese strength is the wisdom and driving force that the 1.3 billion Chinese people, of whom over 82 million are CPC members, have pulled together for realizing the Chinese Dream.
5.政治建军
Raising Political Awareness in the Military
政治建军是中国人民解放军在创建之初就确立的建军治军基本原则，是解放军的最大特色和最大优势。Political awareness has been a part of the DNA of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) ever since its founding. A most prominent characteristic, it also reflects the greatest strength of the PLA.
6.尊重各国人民自主选择发展道路的权利
Respecting the rights of all peoples to choose their own development path
一个国家的发展道路合不合适，只有这个国家的人民才最有发言权。习近平用中国民间的俗语做比喻说，”鞋子合不合脚，自己穿了才知道”。意思是说，走什么样的发展道路，是一个国家的内部事务，任何外国无权干涉，无权指手画脚，更无权通过强制或颠覆等手段把别国拉到自己划定的轨道上来。
It is the people of a country that are best placed to judge whether the development path they have chosen for themselves is suitable. Xi Jinping once used a folk saying as a metaphor: “No one but the wearer knows where the shoe pinches.”By this he meant that it is an internal affair of a country to choose its own path, and no other country has the right to interfere or to prescribe or impose a certain track on others by force or sabotage.
System of socialism with Chinese characteristics
中国特色社会主义制度，就是人民代表大会的根本政治制度，中国共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、民族区域自治制度以及基层群众自治制度等基本政治制度，中国特色社会主义法律体系，公有制为主体、多种所有制经济共同发展的基本经济制度，以及建立在这些制度基础上的经济体制、政治体制、文化体制、社会体制等各项具体制度。The system of socialism with Chinese characteristics refers to the following: the fundamental political system of people’s congresses; basic political systems, including that of multiparty cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of the Communist Party of China, the system of regional ethnic autonomy and that of community-level self-governance; the socialist system of laws with Chinese characteristics; the basic economic system in which public ownership is the mainstay and other kinds of ownership develop side by side; and specific economic, political, cultural and social institutions based on these systems.
8.中国（上海）自由贸易试验区
China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone
中国（上海）自由贸易试验区于2013年9月29日在上海浦东外高桥挂牌成立。这是中国在新形势下推进改革开放的一项重大举措，旨在为全面深化改革和扩大开放探索新路径、积累新经验，促进各地区共同发展。The China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone was established at Waigaoqiao, Pudong, Shanghai, on September 29, 2013. This was a major move China took to promote reform and opening up in the new situation. It was designed to explore a new path and gain new experience for comprehensive deepening reform and opening China wider to the outside world and to promote development for all regions.
9.中国梦
The Chinese Dream
实现中华民族伟大复兴，是中华民族近代以来最伟大的梦想，我们称之为”中国梦”，其基本内涵是实现国家富强、民族振兴、人民幸福。Achieving the rejuvenation of the Chinese nation has been the greatest dream of the Chinese people since modern times. It is called the Chinese Dream. Its basic idea is to make the country prosperous and strong, rejuvenate the nation, and enable the people to lead a happy life.
10.依法治国
Rule of law
1997年9月，中共十五大郑重提出：”依法治国，是党领导人民治理国家的基本方略。”In September 1997, the 15th National Congress of the CPC solemnly stated, “The rule of law is the basic principle of the Party as it leads the people in governing the country.”
其核心内容是：广大人民群众在中共的领导下，依照宪法和法律规定，逐步实现社会主义民主的制度化、规范化、程序化，使这种制度和法律不因领导人的改变而改变，不因领导人看法和注意力的改变而改变。
The following is the core content of the rule of law: The people, under the leadership of the CPC and in accordance with the Constitution and laws, will make socialist democracy more institutionalized, standardized and procedure-based over time, so as to ensure that institutions and laws do not change whenever the leadership changes or whenever the leaders change their views or shift the focus of their attention.
气候变化问题是二十一世纪人类社会面临的严峻挑战之一，需要国际社会携手合作，共同应对。中国认为，应坚持《联合国气候变化框架公约》以及《京都议定书》确定的应对气候变化基本框架，坚持”共同但有区别的责任”原则和各自能力原则，坚持公开透明、广泛参与、缔约方驱动和协商一致原则，坚持可持续发展原则。
Climate change is one of the gravest challenges facing human society in the 21st century. It is an issue that requires the concerted efforts of the international community to tackle it. China holds that all countries should follow the basic frameworks to address climate change established in the UN framework Convention on Climate Change and the Kyoto Protocol and abide by the principles of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities, of openness, transparency and extensive participation, of signatory leadership and consensus through consultations, and of sustainable development.
12.依宪治国Constitution-based governance
宪法是国家的根本法，是治国安邦的总章程，具有最高的法律地位、法律权威、法律效力，具有根本性、全局性、稳定性、长期性。任何组织或者个人，都不得有超越宪法和法律的特权。一切违反宪法和法律的行为，都必须予以追究。
China’s Constitution is the country’s fundamental law and the overriding charter for governance. It enjoys supreme legal status and is the most authoritative and efficacious law in the country. It is fundamental, all-inclusive, stable and everlasting. No organization or individual has the prerogative to overstep the Constitution and laws. All violations of the Constitution and laws shall be held accountable.
13.行政体制改革
Administrative structural reform
行政体制改革是政治体制改革的重要内容。中国从全面深化改革的总体布局出发，坚持中国特色社会主义的正确方向，按照建立中国特色社会主义行政体制目标，深入推进政企分开、政资分开、政事分开、政社分开，建设法治政府和职能科学、结构优化、廉洁高效、人民满意的服务型政府。
China’s administrative structural reform is an important part of its political structural reform. Proceeding from the overall plan of comprehensively deepening reform, and adhering to the correct orientation of socialism with Chinese characteristics, China is working to separate government administration from the management of enterprises, state assets, public institutions and social organizations, and is building a law-based government that is well-structured, clean, efficient and service-oriented, with well-defined functions and satisfactory to the people, toward the goal of establishing a Chinese-style socialist administrative system.
14.新型城镇化建设
New type of urbanization
当前，中国城镇化发展既面临巨大机遇，更面临诸多难题。尤其要看到，在这样一个拥有13亿人口的发展中大国实现城镇化，在人类发展史上没有先例。粗放扩张、人地失衡、举债度日、破坏环境的老路不能再走了，也走不通了。
At present, China is faced with both tremendous opportunities and many difficulties in its urbanization efforts. It is particularly important to note that never in the history of human development has a country like China, a large developing country with a population of 1.3 billion, attempted to urbanize. China can no longer urbanize by taking the old path of seeking inefficient and blind development, creating an imbalance between population and land, relying on borrowed money and damaging the environment; in fact that path will lead the country nowhere.
15.协商民主
Deliberative democracy
人民通过选举、投票行使权利（即”选举民主”）和人民内部各方面在重大决策之前进行充分协商（即”协商民主”），尽可能就共同性问题取得一致意见，是中国社会主义民主的两种重要形式。
China’s socialist democracy has two forms. One is electoral democracy, which ensures that the people exercise their rights through elections and ballots, and the other is deliberative democracy, which ensures that the people conduct consultations before major policy decisions are made. Both forms of democracy are designed to achieve the broadest possible consensus on issues of common concern.
16.维护和发展开放型世界经济
Maintaining and developing an open world economy
中国倡导维护和发展开放型世界经济。主张各国应进一步扩大相互开放，旗帜鲜明地反对各种形式的贸易保护主义，齐心协力做大世界经济这块大蛋糕。
China stands for maintaining and developing an open world economy. It advocates that all countries should open their doors wider to other countries, take a clear-cut stand against all forms of protectionism and work in concert to enlarge the pie of the world economy.
17.维护国家核心利益
Safeguarding the core interests of China
中国走和平发展道路、倡导合作共赢是以坚决维护国家核心利益为底线的。中国的核心利益包括：国家主权，国家安全，领土完整，国家统一，中国宪法确立的国家政治制度和社会大局稳定，经济社会可持续发展的基本保障。While China follows a path of peaceful development and advocates win-win cooperation, it regards firmly safeguarding its national core interests as the bottom line. China’s core interests include state sovereignty, national security, territorial integrity, national reunification, its political system established by the Constitution, overall social stability and the basic safeguards for ensuring sustainable economic and social development.
18.土地制度牵一发而动全身
The reform of the land system having wide repercussions
中国是一个农业大国，13亿多人口中有近7亿农民。因此，农村土地制度改革是个大事，牵一发而动全身，涉及的主体、包含的利益关系十分复杂，必须按照守住底线、试点先行的原则审慎稳妥稳步推进。China is a large agricultural country and 700 million people of its more than 1.3 billion citizens are farmers. Therefore, reform of the rural land system is a major reform with wide repercussions. It involves a wide range of parties and affects a complex array of interests, so it must be carried out prudently and steadily on the basis of the principles of maintaining our bottom line and carrying out trials first.
19.社会和谐
Social harmony
2002年中共十六大报告第一次将”社会更加和谐”作为重要目标提出。2004年中共十六届四中全会进一步提出构建社会主义和谐社会的任务，强调社会和谐是中国特色社会主义的本质属性。In the political report delivered at the 16th National Congress of the CPC in 2002, “fostering social harmony” was announced as a major goal for the first time. In 2004, the Fourth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee of the CPC announced the task of building a harmonious socialist society, stressing that social harmony is an inherent attribute of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
20.市场在资源配置中起决定性作用
The market playing the decisive role in allocating resources
2013年11月召开的中共十八届三中全会提出，要让市场在资源配置中起决定性作用。市场决定资源配置是市场经济的一般规律，健全社会主义市场经济体制必须遵循这条规律，着力解决市场体系不完善、政府干预过多和监管不到位问题，推动资源配置依据市场机制实现效益最大化和效率最优化。
It was decided at the Third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee to let the market play the decisive role in allocating resources in China. It is a general rule of market economies that the market determines the allocation of resources. To improve its socialist market economy, China must follow this general rule, establish a robust market, control excessive government intervention, address insufficient government oversight, and ensure that resources are allocated in the marketplace most effectively and efficiently.
21.“三个自信”
The “Three Areas of Confidence”
“三个自信”是指道路自信、理论自信、制度自信。全面深化改革开放的方向是坚定不移走中国特色社会主义道路，这是历史的结论、人民的选择。The “Three Areas of Confidence” refers to confidence in the path, theories and system of socialism with Chinese characteristics.
22.深化司法体制改革Deepening judicial structural reform
司法体制是政治体制的重要组成部分。近年来，人民对司法不公的意见比较集中，司法公信力不足很大程度上与司法体制和工作机制不合理有关。The judicial system is an important part of the political system. In recent years, people in China have grown increasingly critical of unfair adjudication. The low degree of China’s current judicial credibility is largely attributable to irrationalities injudicial system and working mechanisms.
23.社会主义初级阶段
Primary stage of socialism
社会主义初级阶段不是泛指任何国家进入社会主义都会经历的起始阶段，而是特指中国生产力落后、商品经济不发达条件下建设社会主义必然要经历的特定阶段。
This is not a general reference to the initial stage any country will go through when practicing socialism, but a term for the special stage that China has to undergo with backward productive forces and an underdeveloped commodity economy.
24.丝绸之路精神
Spirit of the Silk Road
历史上的商业通道——丝绸之路，作为人文社会的交往平台，多民族、多种族、多宗教、多文化在此交汇融合。千百年来，丝绸之路承载的和平合作、开放包容、互学互鉴、互利共赢精神薪火相传。The historical trade route known as the Silk Road was also a platform for people-to-people and cultural exchanges, where various ethnic groups, races, religions and cultures met and assimilated with each other. For hundreds of years, the spirit of the Silk Road, namely, peace and cooperation, openness and inclusiveness, mutual learning and mutual benefit, has been passed down through generations.
25.“三个代表”重要思想
important thought of Three Represents
中共十三届四中全会（1989年6月23日至24日在北京举行）以来，以江泽民同志为主要代表的中国共产党人，在建设中国特色社会主义的实践中，加深了对什么是社会主义、怎样建设社会主义和建设什么样的党、怎样建设党的认识，积累了治党治国新的宝贵经验，形成了”三个代表”重要思想。After the Fourth Plenary Session of the 13th Central Committee of the CPC (held in Beijing, June 23-24, 1989), in the course of building socialism with Chinese characteristics, Chinese Communists, with Jiang Zemin as their chief representative, acquired a deeper understanding of what socialism is and how to build it, as well as what kind of Party to build and how to build it. They also accumulated new, valuable experience in running the Party and state, which helped form the important thought of Three Represents.
26.社会主义核心价值观
Core socialist values
2012年11月召开的中国共产党十八大提出，倡导富强、民主、文明、和谐，倡导自由、平等、公正、法治，倡导爱国、敬业、诚信、友善，积极培育和践行社会主义核心价值观。The 18th National Congress of the CPC held in November 2012 proposed promoting prosperity, democracy, civility, and harmony, upholding freedom, equality, justice and the rule of law, advocating patriotism, dedication, integrity, and friendship, to cultivate and apply core socialist values.
27.人民对美好生活的向往，就是我们的奋斗目标
The people’s desire for a better life is the goal we strive to realize.
中国共产党坚持执政为民，人民对美好生活的向往就是中共的奋斗目标。中国共产党的执政理念，就是为人民服务，担当起该担当的责任。The CPC perseveres in governing the country for the people. The people yearn for a better life, and that is the goal for CPC to strive forward. The CPC’s governing philosophy is to serve the people and shoulder whatever responsibility it should shoulder.
28.人民代表大会制度
The system of people’s congresses
人民代表大会制度是中国人民当家作主的根本政治制度。人民通过全国人民代表大会和地方各级人民代表大会，行使国家权力。The system of people’s congresses is China’s fundamental political system, under which the people are the masters of the country. The people exercise state power through the National People’s Congress (NPC) and local people’s congresses.
29.让权力在阳光下运行Making the exercise of power more transparent
权力不论大小，只要不受制约和监督，都可能被滥用。上个世纪70年代末开始改革开放以来，一些人利用不受监督的权力，在新旧制度转换的落差和时差中牟取私利、中饱私囊，许多人利用价格双轨制和国有企业改制，牟取了巨额财富。Any power, more or less, can be misused if it is not subject to constraints and oversight. Since China began to implement reform and opening up in the late 1970s, there have been people who have taken advantage of the opportunities that present themselves during transitional times to make personal gains at the public’s expense.
Building Relations with Neighboring Countries based on Friendship, Good Faith, Mutual Benefit and Inclusiveness
2013年10月24日，习近平在周边外交工作座谈会上强调，中国周边外交的基本方针，就是坚持与邻为善、以邻为伴，坚持睦邻、安邻、富邻，突出体现亲、诚、惠、容的理念。At a symposium on relations with neighboring countries on October 24, 2013, Xi Jinping described China’s neighborhood diplomacy as one rooted in the principles for building strong relations with its neighbors based on friendship, good faith, mutual benefit and inclusiveness.喵君编辑，来源网络如果觉得有用的话，可以分享给身边的小伙伴喔~